Load control using ac signalling with unique signatures

ABSTRACT

A load control system includes a controller that modifies an alternating current (AC) signal at a controller input to provide, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, one of a plurality of unique AC signature signals to a controller output. The AC signatures correspond to different selections that a user provides to the system to instruct the system with respect to the particular load characteristic desired. The load circuit receives the plurality of unique AC signal signature signals. The load circuit changes a characteristic of the load circuit in response to the received plurality of unique AC signature signals, thus responding to the user&#39;s choice of load characteristic.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/352,812, filed Mar. 13, 2019, which claims priority to both Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 62/642,451, filed Mar. 13, 2018, by inventor Keith Bernard Marx and Provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 62/752,529, filed Oct. 13, 2018, by inventor Keith Bernard Marx, the disclosures all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

The disclosures herein relate generally to controlling one or more loads, and more specifically to controlling one or more loads using AC signals.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In one embodiment, a method is disclosed modifying, by a controller, an alternating current (AC) signal at a controller input to provide, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, one of a plurality of unique AC signature signals to a controller output. The method also includes receiving, by a load circuit, the plurality of unique AC signal signature signals. The method further includes changing, by the load circuit, a characteristic of the load circuit in response to the received plurality of unique AC signature signals.

In another embodiment, a load control system is disclosed that includes a controller that modifies an alternating current (AC) signal at a controller input to provide, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, one of a plurality of unique AC signature signals to a controller output. The system also includes a load circuit that receives the plurality of unique AC signal signature signals. The system further includes a load circuit that changes a characteristic of the load circuit in response to the received plurality of unique AC signature signals.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The appended drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of the invention and therefore do not limit its scope because the inventive concepts lend themselves to other equally effective embodiments.

FIG. 1 is block diagram of one embodiment of the disclosed load control system.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the control panel of the disclosed load control system.

FIG. 3 is block diagram of one embodiment of the load circuit of the disclosed load control system.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram representation of the controllers in one embodiment of the disclosed load control system.

FIG. 5A is a representation of the W (AC_HOT) signal that the controller receives in the disclosed load control system.

FIG. 5B is a representation of the V (SWITCHED_AC) signal generated by the controller of the disclosed load control system.

FIG. 5C is a representation of the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal that the controller employs for switching TRIACs in one embodiment of the disclosed load control system.

FIG. 6 is a representation of the load modulator employed in the load circuit of one embodiment of the disclosed load control system.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart that shows the general operation of the control panel.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart that further depicts the general operation of the control panel.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart that depicts the load monitoring function of the control panel.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart that depicts Type 1 arbitration wherein all control panels arbitrate for control.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart that depicts Type 2 arbitration wherein only one control panel is placed in a system to specifically by the primary control panel.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart that depicts Type 3 arbitration variant wherein no arbitration is implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In one embodiment, a load control system is disclosed that includes a control panel at which the user may select one or more characteristics that the user desires a load to exhibit. For example, in an embodiment wherein the load circuit includes a load that is an array of light emitting diode (LED) lights, the user may push a control panel button or move a slider switch to indicate a desired 50% of maximum lighting intensity. In response to this user input, the control panel modifies an AC hot input signal to provide a modified AC output signal that includes a unique signature, i.e. or code, on an AC cycle-by-cycle basis. This unique signature corresponds to 50% lighting intensity. The load circuit includes a signal decoder which acts as a detector of the particular unique signature. The signal decoder supplies the unique signature to a microcontroller that instructs the load in the load circuit to exhibit the particular characteristic (e.g. 50% lighting intensity) corresponding to the unique signature, in response to the user's selection. In the very next AC signal cycle, the user may select a variation of the same characteristic (e.g. 25% lighting intensity) or a different characteristic (e.g. a particular color of multiple colors) and the system will encode the unique signature to again modify the AC signal supplied to the load. In response, the load circuit detects this new desired lighting characteristic and changes state to correspond to the new desired lighting characteristic. These state changes are implemented quickly on a cycle-by-cycle basis.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the disclosed load control system as load control system 100. Load control system 100 includes a control panel 200 that includes control panel section 201 and control panel section 202. Depending on the particular application, control panel sections 201 and 202 may be combined together. Load control system 100 also includes a load circuit 300 that includes a load 301 and a load modulator 600 that will be discussed below in more detail. Load 301 may be an LED lighting array or other device for which control of a characteristic of the device is desired by the user.

An AC_HOT signal 110 is supplied to control panel section 201, as shown. This AC_HOT signal 110 may be supplied by the power mains. A NEUTRAL line 112 is coupled between control panel section 101 and load circuit 300. A SWITCHED_AC line 114 also is coupled between control panel section 201 and load circuit 300, as shown. The SWITCHED_AC signal is the modified AC signal which incorporates the unique AC signature corresponding to the user's selection of the desired load characteristic.

In one embodiment, control panel section 201 may be situated in the wall cavity typically used for light switches mounted on a wall. Control panel section 202 may be situated at the switch plate typically used for such light switches. Control panel section 101 and 102 may be located at other locations depending on the particular application and mounting space available. As mentioned, control panel sections 101 and 102 may be combined together if a particular application calls for it.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram of control panel 200 that includes control panel section 201 that may be mounted in the wall mount switch cavity if desired. Control panel 200 also includes control panel section 202 that may be mounted at the switch plate, if desired. Control panel section 201 includes a main controller 210 that may include a microcontroller and an oscillator that is employed as a time-base. Main controller 210 is operatively coupled to microcontroller 230 so that main controller 210 and microcontroller 230 may exchange information. Control panel section 202 include a user interface 232 so that the user may select the particular characteristic or characteristics that the used desires the load to exhibit. User interface 232 may be a dimmer switch or slide switch that the user adjusts to indicate the desired light intensity. User 232 may alternatively be a touch-sensitive panel that displays a plurality of selections that the user may choose to indicate the particular characteristic or characteristics that the user desires the load to exhibit. Microcontroller 230 supplies this user selection to main controller 210. Control panel section 202 may also include a sensor 234 that senses one or more conditions local to control panel 200. For example, sensor 234 may sense motion, CO2, temperature, humidity and other local conditions. Control panel section 202 may optionally include a wired or wireless network interface 236 so that microcontroller 230 may communicate with control panel section 201 or other devices. Control panel section 201 may optionally include a wireless interface (not shown) for communication between main controller 210 and microcontroller 230 or with other devices.

Control panel section 201 includes a bi-directional switching device 400 (e.g. TRIAC) that couples to both the input AC_HOT line 110 and the output SWITCHED_AC line 114, as shown. TRIAC 205 modifies the AC_HOT signal to generate the modified SWITCHED_AC in response to an ENABLE SWITCHED_AC signal provided to its gate input by the ENABLE SWITCHED_AC circuit 212 coupled thereto. The ENABLE SWITCHED_AC circuit 420 is part of the AC_HOT floating subsystem 214 which is discussed in more detail below.

Control panel section 201 includes a current sensing resistor 216 that current sensing circuit 218 monitors to determine the instantaneous current through TRIAC 205. Control panel section 201 also includes a signal shaper circuit 220, for example a comparator circuit, that shapes the AC_HOT signal provided to its input. The output of signal shaper circuit 220 couples to an input of main controller 210 to provide a shaped representation of the AC_HOT signal to main controller 210.

AC_HOT floating subsystem 214 includes a floating voltage source 222, as shown in FIG. 2. A charge pump 224 (for example a MOSFET—capacitor circuit) couples to floating voltage source 222 to supply floating voltage source 222 with charge. Main controller 210 couples to change pump 2224 and AC_HOT floating subsystem 214 via digital isolation circuits 226.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of load circuit 300 that includes load 301 and load modulator 600. Load 301 includes a driver 310 coupled to colored LEDs 311, 312 and 313 which respectively exhibit R, G, B colors of different intensity or brightness an accordance the drive signal that driver 310 supplies in accordance with the particular unique AC signature that signal decoder 320 detects on the SWITCHED_AC hot line. In more detail, microcontroller 325 receives the decoded signal from signal decoder 320. Microcontroller 325 recognizes the decoded signal from signal decoder 320 as corresponding to the particular characteristic or characteristic that the use desires for load 301 to exhibit, for example, a particular level of brightness or a particular color. In response to the decoded signal from signal decoder 320, microcontroller 325 instructs load 301 to exhibit the particular characteristic desired by the user. Load 301 changes state accordingly.

Load circuit 300 also includes a power converter 330 that generates a DC voltage from the SWITCHED_AC signal to provide DC power to the elements of load circuit 300. Load circuit 300 includes an optional fan 335, the on or off state of which the user may control as one of the selectable characteristics of the load. Load circuit 300 may include additional user controllable function as well, such as (KEITH—please provide examples here X, Y and Z). Load circuit 300 may also includes 340 sensors (for example a motion sensor, a CO2 sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a smoke sensor) which may report information sensed remotely at load circuit 300 back to control panel section 201 of the load control system 100 shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a more detailed block diagram of the system blocks implemented within the main controller 210 of control panel section 201 and within microcontroller 230 of control panel section 202. FIG. 4 shows the AC_HOT signal at 110 and the SWITCHED_AC signal at output 114. FIG. 4 also shows signal shaper 220 with a SWITCHED_AC_INPUT signal it its output, and a signal shaper 430 with an AC_HOT_INPUT signal at its output. The SWITCHED_AC_INPUT signal and the AC_HOT_INPUT signal are conditioned versions of SWITCHED_AC and AC_HOT signals. The AC_HOT_CURRENT is a differential pair of lines coming from each side of the sense resistor 216 of FIG. 2.

Main controller 210 may include a SWITCHED_AC cycle type detector 401. Main controller 210 may also include a cycle detect/deglitcher 402. Main controller 210 may further includes a load modulator detect block 403 to monitor variations in the load current that indicates particular events or conditions at the load. Main controller 210 also includes a timer 404 for internal functions and a cycle timing points generator 405. Main controller 210 further include a cycle type generator 406 and a floating voltage source generator 407. Main controller 210 also includes a communication interface, such as I2C protocol, as shown.

Microcontroller 230 may include a cycle alignment block 421 as wall as a human interface 422, such as buttons or a slide switch dimmer control, or a touch sensitive display panel. Microcontroller 230 may also include a next cycle type designator 423 that instructs the next cycle type (e.g. the particular AC signature) to be generated according to the users desired load characteristic selection. Microcontroller 230 may further include a current system configuration block 424 as well as an optional motion detector 234. Microcontroller 230 may include a communication interface 425, such as the I2C protocol interface shown in FIG. 4

FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are timing diagrams illustrative voltage vs. time for the V (AC_HOT) signal, the V (SWITCHED_AC) signal and the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal, respectively. FIG. 5A show a representative 60 Hz AC line signal from the power main as V (AC_HOT). Referring now to FIG. 5C, this drawing shows the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal that instructs TRIAC 205 to turn on and conduct at particular parts of each AC current cycle as demonstrated by the output waveform V (SWITCHED_AC) of FIG. 5B. For example, consider CYCLE 1 of the V (SWITCHED_AC) signal of FIG. 5B. From 16 ms to 32 ms, the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal is high thus instructing TRIAC 205 to turn and conduct. This results in the entire full AC signal cycle passing through to the output of the TRIAC as seen in CYCLE 1 of FIG. 5B.

In another example, referring now to the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal of FIG. 5C between 32 ms and 48 ms, it is noted that between 32 ms and 36 ms, the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal is low. This means that TRIAC 205 is off, thus allowing no current to pass during this time period as seen in FIG. 5B where the output of the TRIAC 205 is off between 32 ms and 36 ms of CYCLE 2.

Continuing now in FIG. 5C, between 36 ms and 40 ms the V (TRIAC ENABLE) is high which turns on TRIAC 205 to pass a half peak through the TRIAC output to the V (SWITCHED_AC) signal.

From 40 ms to 44 ms, the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal of FIG. 5C is again low which turns off the TRIAC during this portion of CYCLE 2. This results in the V (SWITCHED_AC) signal returning to zero as observed in FIG. 5B.

Continuing further now to the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal of FIG. 5C between 44 ms and 48 ms, it is noted that the V (TRIAC ENABLE) signal is again high. This means that TRIAC 205 is on, thus allowing a half negative peak to pass during this time period as seen in FIG. 5B where the output of the TRIAC 205 is on between 44 ms and 48 ms of CYCLE 2.

In this manner, TRIAC 205 can generate a large number of unique AC signatures, wherein each AC signal may correspond to a different characteristic that the user desires the load to exhibit. Cycles 3-7 illustrate a sampling of another unique AC signature that may be generated. TABLE 1 below is a representation of some of the many different AC signatures that TRIAC 205 of control panel section 201 may generate to instruct the load regarding which particular characteristic the load should exhibit.

TABLE 1 below shows 10 representative load states that one embodiment of the load circuit may exhibit.

TABLE 1 Unique AC Load Control States Load States First Half Cycle Second Half Cycle  1^(st) load state Full positive pulse Full negative pulse  2^(nd) load state Half positive pulse Half negative pulse  3^(rd) load state Full positive pulse Half negative pulse  4^(th) load state Half positive pulse Full negative pulse  5^(th) load state Positive pulse, delayed ZC start Negative pulse with unaltered ZC  6^(th) load state Full positive pulse Negative pulse with delayed ZC start  7^(th) load state Positive pulse, delayed ZC start Negative pulse with delayed ZC start  8^(th) load state Positive pulse, delayed ZC end Negative pulse with unaltered ZC  9^(th) load state Full positive pulse Negative pulse with delayed ZC end 10^(th) load state Positive pulse, delayed ZC end Negative pulse with delayed ZC end

FIG. 6 is a simplified embodiment of load modulator 600 that illustrates its operation a high level. Load modulator 600 varies the load exhibited by load 301 in a manner that is perceptible, i.e. detectable, back at main controller 210 of control section 201 of FIG. 2. Main controller 210 monitors the SWITCHED_AC output 115 to determine the present current level. In this particular example shown in FIG. 6, the microcontroller 325 in load circuit 300 of FIG. 3, may instruct load modulator 600 to switch into the one, two or three of resistors 611, 612 and 613, or combinations thereof, to connect in parallel with load 301, i.e. in parallel with SWITCHED_AC and NEUTRAL as seen in FIG. 6. This alters the load current observed by main controller 210 back at control panel 200. By altering load current in this manner, different conditions observed at load circuit 300 can be reported back to main controller 210. For example, if sensor 340 detects a particular observed condition such as smoke, in response microcontroller 325 may instruct switch 601 to connect resistor 611 in parallel with load 301. This changes the load current and can be seen by main controller 210. If sensor 340 detects another particular observed condition such as motion, in response microcontroller 325 may instruct switch 602 to connect resistor 611 in parallel with load 301. This also changes the load current and can be seen by main controller 210. Alternatively, if sensor 340 detects a yet another particular observed condition such as high levels of CO2, in response microcontroller 325 may instruct switch 601 to connect resistor 613 in parallel with load 301. This again changes the load current and can be seen by main controller 210. In this manner, main controller 210 is apprised of remote conditions observed at load circuit 300.

For the purposes of the flowcharts of FIG. 7-12, CP refers to the control panel sections 201 and 201. CP switch plate refers to control section 202. Wall mount microcontroller refers to the main controller 210 in control panel section 201. End fixture refers to the remote load circuit 300.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart that shows the general operation of the control panel

FIG. 8 is a flowchart that further depicts the general operation of the control panel.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart that depicts the load monitoring function of the control panel.

It should be noted that multiple control panels may be coupled to a common SWITCHED_AC line 114 that supplies power with unique AC signatures to multiple load circuits 300.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart that depicts Type 1 arbitration wherein all control panels arbitrate for control.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart that depicts Type 2 arbitration wherein only one control panel is placed in a system to specifically by the primary control panel.

In one embodiment, multiple control panels 200, each with its own bi-directional switching device 400 (e.g. a TRIAC), can reside on the same SWITCHED_AC line to control a plurality of load circuits 300. In other words, multiple control panels 200 and multiple circuits 300 may be coupled to a common SWITCHED_AC line.

In other words, in one embodiment, if a CP issues one instruction, it is for all end fixtures not just an individual one. This approach desirably avoids having to reference or assign a name to each end fixture.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: modifying, by a controller, an alternating current (AC) signal at a controller input to provide, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, one of a plurality of unique AC signature signals to a controller output, the controller being configured to operate in a 3-wire AC system; receiving, by a load circuit, the plurality of unique AC signal signature signals, the load circuit being configured to operate in a 2-wire AC system; and changing, by the load circuit, a characteristic of the load circuit in response to the received plurality of unique AC signature signals.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the load circuit includes a plurality of lighting devices.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the unique AC signature signal instructs at least one of the lighting devices to change brightness.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of lighting devices exhibits different respective colors, the unique AC signature signal instructing at least one of the lighting devices to activate to exhibit a particular color corresponding to the AC signal signature.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the controller receives a user selection from a user input, the user selection indicating a particular characteristic that the user desires the load circuit to exhibit, and in response to the user input the controller modifies the AC signal to exhibit a unique AC signature signal corresponding to the user selection.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a first controller section and a second controller section.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first controller section is installable in a switch cavity associated with a wall switch.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second controller section is installable as a wall place associated with the wall switch.
 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the first controller section and the second controller section are combined in a common structure.
 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising an arbitration mechanism to resolve contention among multiple controllers that couple to the 3-wire AC system and the 2-wire AC system.
 11. A system comprising: a controller that modifies an alternating current (AC) signal at a controller input to provide, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, one of a plurality of unique AC signature signals to a controller output, the controller being configured to operate in a 3-wire AC system; a load circuit that receives the plurality of unique AC signal signature signals, the load circuit being configured to operate in a 2-wire AC system; and a load circuit that changes a characteristic of the load circuit in response to the received plurality of unique AC signature signals.
 12. The system of claim 21, wherein the load circuit includes a plurality of lighting devices.
 13. The system of claim 22, wherein the unique AC signature signal instructs at least one of the lighting devices to change brightness.
 14. The system of claim 22, wherein the plurality of lighting devices exhibits different respective colors, the unique AC signature signal instructing at least one of the lighting devices to activate to exhibit a particular color corresponding to the AC signal signature.
 15. The system of claim 21, wherein the controller receives a user selection from a user input, the user selection indicating a particular characteristic that the user desires the load circuit to exhibit, and in response to the user input the controller modifies the AC signal to exhibit a unique AC signature signal corresponding to the user selection.
 16. The system of claim 21, wherein the controller includes a first controller section and a second controller section.
 17. The system of claim 26, wherein the first controller section is installable in a switch cavity associated with a wall switch.
 18. The system of claim 27, wherein the second controller section is installable as a wall place associated with the wall switch.
 19. The system of claim 26, wherein the first controller section and the second controller section are combined in a common structure.
 20. The system of claim 29 further comprising an arbitration mechanism to resolve contention among multiple control panels that couple to the 3-wire AC system and the 2-wire AC system. 